Parathyroidectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands, which are small endocrine glands located near the thyroid gland in the neck. These glands are responsible for regulating calcium levels in the body through the production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Parathyroidectomy is typically performed to treat conditions such as primary hyperparathyroidism, where the glands produce excessive amounts of PTH, leading to high blood calcium levels and related symptoms like kidney stones, bone pain, and fatigue. The surgery may also be indicated for secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by chronic kidney disease or for parathyroid cancer. Although parathyroidectomy can effectively address hyperparathyroidism and related symptoms, it carries several potential complications. Risks include injury to the nearby thyroid gland, which can affect thyroid function, and damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, potentially leading to voice changes or hoarseness. Hypoparathyroidism is another possible complication, where the removal of parathyroid tissue leads to insufficient PTH production, resulting in low calcium levels and symptoms such as muscle cramps, tingling, and seizures. Additionally, there is a risk of infection, bleeding, or difficulty with wound healing. Post-operative care involves monitoring calcium levels and managing any symptoms of hypoparathyroidism, which may require calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Effective management and follow-up are essential to address potential complications and ensure a successful recovery.
